The very basics

Growing food in a Provençal climate, which is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, requires specific strategies to ensure success. Here are some essential tips and guidelines for beginners:

1. Understanding the Climate

Temperature: Summers can be very hot, often exceeding 30°C (86°F). Winters are mild with temperatures rarely falling below freezing.
Rainfall: Most rainfall occurs in the cooler months, from October to April. Summers are typically dry.
Sunlight: Provence enjoys a lot of sunshine, with around 300 sunny days per year.

2. Soil Preparation

Soil Type: Provençal soil can vary but is often rocky and calcareous. It’s important to improve soil structure by adding organic matter.
Amendments: Use compost, well-rotted manure, and other organic matter to enhance soil fertility and water retention.

3. Plant Selection

Choose plants that are well-suited to the Mediterranean climate:

Vegetables: Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, zucchini, cucumbers, beans, and herbs like basil, thyme, and rosemary.
Fruits: Figs, grapes, olives, apricots, and almonds thrive in Provençal conditions.
Herbs: Lavender, sage, oregano, and bay laurel are ideal for this climate.

4. Watering Techniques

Irrigation: Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to minimize water waste and direct water to the plant roots.
Mulching: Apply mulch around plants to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

5. Planting and Growing Seasons

Spring (March-May): Start planting summer vegetables and herbs. This is the main growing season.
Summer (June-August): Focus on maintaining plants through the hot, dry months. Regular watering and mulching are crucial.
Autumn (September-November): Harvest summer crops and plant autumn crops like lettuce, spinach, and radishes.
Winter (December-February): Protect sensitive plants from frost, and prepare soil for spring planting.

6. Pest and Disease Management

Prevention: Encourage biodiversity by planting a variety of crops and using companion planting techniques.
Natural Remedies: Use natural pest control methods such as neem oil, insecticidal soap, and introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.

7. Additional Tips

Raised Beds: Consider using raised beds to improve drainage and soil quality.
Greenhouses: Utilize greenhouses or cold frames to extend the growing season and protect young plants.
Local Resources: Connect with local gardening groups or agricultural extensions for region-specific advice and support.

Chapter 1